Graphene-based functional nanomaterials for biomedical and bioanalysis applications

Nanomaterials have brought a paradigm shift in the field of science and technology leading to the development of futuristic materials with value addition. Carbon-based nanomaterials specifically graphene-integrated nanostructures have encouraged the field of bioengineering and medicine tangentially with greater insights. The applications are ramified, from disease detection, diagnosis, and treatment further leading to the repurposing of therapy which is increasing with time. Synthesis of graphene with newer strategies with fewer complications has added interest among the scientific fraternity. In this review, we attempt to explore and comprehend the recent advances in the synthesis and encapsulation of graphene-based nanomaterials. Further, the emphasis is laid on the implications of graphene-based nanomaterials for their applications in biomedicine with a prime focus on drug delivery systems. The major therapeutic application of graphene in various diseases like cancer, neuro-regeneration, anti-viral (Ebola and Zika) are described. Future directions, prospects, and limitations are highlighted to strengthen research for elucidating newer inputs and thrusts in the design and development of graphene-derived smart therapeutics which will lead to personalized therapy with better healthcare driving towards the pinnacle of human welfare.